Resources4Missions

Values Studies

 

Articles

Cultural Values.” Blue Cloud Abbey, Benedictine Monastery, South Dakota, n.d.
The Inglehart Values Map.” World Values Survey, n.d.
Alwin D. F., and Krosnick, J. A. “The Measurement of Values in Surveys: A Comparison of Ratings and Rankings.” Public Opinion Quarterly 49 (1985): 535-552.
Bhawuk, D. P. S., and Brislin, R. “The Measurement of Intercultural Sensitivity Using the Concepts of Individualism and Collectivism.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 16 (1992): 413-436.
Bing, John W. “Hofstede’s Consequences: The Impact of His Work on Consulting and Business Practices.” ITAP International, n.d.
Bing, John W. “Hofstede’s Dimensions: A High-Level Analytical Tool for Working Internationally” ITAP International, n.d.
Bing, John W. “The Use of a Cultural Inventory in Global Leadership Training” ITAP International, 2001.
Bond, Michael Harris; Leung, Al Au Kwok et al. “Culture-Level Dimensions of Social Axioms and Their Correlatives across 41 Countries.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 35 (September 2004): 548-570.
Cheung, F. M., and Cheung, S. F. “Measuring Personality and Values across Cultures: Imported versus Indigenous Measures.” In Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 6, Chapter 5. Edited by W. J. Lonner, D. L. Dinnel, S. A. Hayes, and D. N. Sattler. Bellingham, Washington: Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington University, 2003.
Clark, T. “Review of the Book Culture’s Consequence: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations across Nations, 2nd edition.” Journal of Marketing 67 (2003): 151-153.
Corbitt, J. Nathan. “Interpreting Cultural Values.” BuildaBridge International, n.d.
Glazer, Sharon.; Daniel, Sophie Carole; and Short, Kenneth M. “A Study of the Relationship Between Organizational Commitment and Human Values in Four CountriesHuman Relations 57 (2004): 323-345.
Güss, C. D. “Decision Making in Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures.” In Online Readings in Psychology and Culture,Unit 4, Chapter 3. Edited by W. J. Lonner, D. L. Dinnel, S. A. Hayes, and D. N. Sattler. Bellingham, WA: Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington University, 2002.
Halman, Loek, and Kerkhofs, Jan. “The European Values Study: Selected Results.” ROMIR Monitoring, January 2001.
Hills, M. D. “Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Values Orientation Theory.” In Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 6, Chapter 3. Edited by W. J. Lonner, D. L. Dinnel, S. A. Hayes, and D. N. Sattler. Bellingham, Washington: Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington University, 2002.
Kim, Uichol. “Psychology, Science, and Culture: Cross-Cultural Analysis of National Psychologies.” International Journal of Psychology 30 (1995): 663-679.
Marus, Rob. “Jesus’ Family Values: Is Culture or Scripture Shaping Our View of Family?” Faith Works, n.d.
McClintock, C. G. “Social Values: Their Definition, Measurement, and Development.”Journal of Research and Development in Education 12 (1978): 121-137.
McLean, George F. Ethics at the Crossroads. Vol. 2: Personalist Ethics and Human Subjectivity. Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Life, Series I: Culture and Values, no. 2. Council for Research in Values and Philosophy, n.d.
McLean, George F. Research on Culture and Values: Intersection of Universities, Churches and Nations. Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Life, Series I: Culture And Values, Volume 1 Council for Research in Values and Philosophy, n.d.
Merkin, Rebecca S. “Uncertainty Avoidance and Facework: A Test of the Hofstede Model.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 30 (2006): 213-228.
Nonis, S.A.; Teng, J. K.; and Ford, C.W. “A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Time Management Practices and Job Outcomes.International Journal of Intercultural Relations 29 (2005): 409-428.
Ohbuchi, K.-I.; Fukushima, O.; and Tedeschi, J. T. “Cultural Values in Conflict Management: Goal Orientation, Goal Attainment, and Tactical Decision.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 30 (1999): 51-71.
Oishi, S.; Schimmack, U.; Diener, E.; and Suh, E. M. “The Measurement of Values and Individualism-Collectivism.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 24 (1998): 1177-1189.
Patterson, C. H. “Cross-Cultural or Intercultural Psychotherapy.” International Journal for the Advancement of Counseling 1 (1978): 231-247.
Pettersson, Thorleif. “The Relations between Religion and Politics in the Contemporary Western World: The Impact of Secularization, Post Modernization and Peoples’ Basic Value Orientations.”
Polzer, Wolfgang. “Survey: What Europeans Believe—Faith Is a Private Matter, Seven out of Ten Believe in God—But What about Life after Death?” Special to ASSIST News Service, assistnews.net, 25 February 25 2005.
Quintas, Alfonso Lopez. A Methodological Introduction To The Study Of Values. Cultural Heritage And Contemporary Life, Series I: Culture And Values, no. 1. Council for Research in Values and Philosophy, n.d.
Rohan, M. J. “A Rose by Any Name? The Values Construct.” Personality & Social Psychology Review vol. 4 (no. 2) 2000, pp. 255-277.
Schwartz S. H.; Melech, G.; Lehmann, A.; Burgess, S.; and Owens, Harris M. “Extending the Cross-Cultural Validity of the Theory of Basic Human Values With a Different Method of Measurement.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 32 (September 2001): 519-542.
Schwartz, Shalom H. “Identifying Culture-Specifics in the Content and Structure of Schwartz, Shalom H. “Value Consensus and Importance: A Cross-National Study.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 31 (2000): 465-497.
Schwartz, Shalom H., and Bardi, Anat. “Value Hierarchies across Cultures: Taking a Similarities PerspectiveJournal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 32 (May 2001): 268-290.
Schwartz, Shalom H., and Bilsky, W. “Toward a Theory of the Universal Content and Structure of Values: Extensions and Cross-cultural Replications.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58 (1990): 878-891.
Schwartz, Shalom H., and Huismans, S. “Value Priorities and Religiosity in Four Western Religions.” Social Psychology Quarterly 58 (1995): 88-107.
Schwartz, Shalom H., and Sagie, G. “Value Consensus and Importance: A Cross-National Study.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 32 (2000): 465-497.
Schwartz, Shalom H., and Sagiv, L. “Identifying Culture Specifics in the Content and Structure of Values.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 26 (1995): 92-116.
Schwartz, Shalom H.; and Bilsky, W. “Towards a Psychological Structure of Human Values.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 53 (1987): 550-562.
Smith, Peter B.; Dugan, S.; and Trompenaars, F. “National Culture and the Values of Organizational Employees: A Dimensional Analysis across 43 Nations.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 27 (1996): 231-264.
Smith, Peter B.; Peterson, Mark F.; and Schwartz, Shalom H. “Cultural Values, Sources of Guidance, and Their Relevance to Managerial Behavior: A 47-Nation Study.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 23 (March 2002): 188-208.
Spini, Dario. “Measurement Equivalence of 10 Value Types from the Schwartz Value Survey across 21 Countries.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 32 (January 2003): 3-23.
Tarakeshwar, Malini; Stanton, Jeffery; and Pargament, Kenneth I. “Religion: An Overlooked Dimension in Cross-Cultural Psychology.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 34 (July 2003): 377-394.
Tarr, Noreen; Kim, Dl. Min-Sun; and Sharkey, William F. “The Effects of Self-construals and Embarrassability on Predicament Response StrategiesInternational Journal of Intercultural Relations 29 (2005): 497-520.
Thurstone, L. L. “The Measurement of Values.” Psychological Review 61 (1954): 47-58.
Transparency International. “Corruption Perception Index.” Internet Center for Corruption Research, 1998.
Triandis, Harry C.; Bontempo, Robert; and Villareal, Marcelo J. “Individualism and Collectivism: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Self-Ingroup Relationships.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 (1988): 323-338.
Yamazaki, Yoshitaka. “Learning Styles and Typologies of Cultural Differences: A Theoretical and Empirical ComparisonInternational Journal of Intercultural Relations 29 (2005): 521-548.

Books

Arts, Wil.; Hagenaars, Jacques; and Halman, Loek, eds. The Cultural Diversity of European Unity: Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
Bork, Robert H. Slouchi7ng towards Gomorrah: Modern Liberalism and American Decline. New York: ReganBooks, 1996.
Brinton, Crane. A History of Western Morals. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1959.
Cunningham, Lawrence, and Reich, John. Culture and Values: A Survey of the Western Humanities. Alternate volume. 2nd ed. Fort Worth, Texas: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1990.
Dekker, Paul, and Halman, Loek, eds. The Values of Volunteering: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2003.
Ester, Peter; Halman, Loek; and de Moor, Ruud. “Value Shift in Western Societies.” In The Individualizing Society: Value Change in Europe and North America, pp. 1-23 . Edited by Peter Ester, Loek Halman, and Ruud de Moor. Tilburg: Tilburg University Press, 1994.
Geertz, Clifford. The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. NY: Basic Books, 1973.
Hall, Edward T. Silent Language. New York: Anchor Books/Doubleday, 1981.
Halman, Loek, and de Moor, Ruud. “Comparative Research on Values.” In The Individualizing Society: Value Change in Europe and North America, pp. 1-12. Edited by Peter Ester, Loek Halman, and Ruud de Moor. Tilburg: Tilburg University Press, 1994.
Halman, Loek, and de Moor, Ruud. “Religion, Churches and Moral Values.” In The Individualizing Society: Value Change in Europe and North America. Edited by Peter Ester, Loek Halman, and Ruud de Moor. Tilburg: Tilburg University Press, 1994.
Halman, Loek, and Pettersson, Thorleif. “Differential Patterns of Secularization in Europe: Exploring the Impact of Religion on Social Values.” In Religion in Secularizing Society: The European’s Religion at the End of the 20th Century, pp. 41-65. Edited by L. Halman and O. Riis. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
Halman, Loek, and Riis, O., eds. Religion in Secularizing Society: The European’s Religion at the End of the 20th Century. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
Halman, Loek, and Riis, Ole. “Contemporary European Discourses on Religion and Morality.” In Religion in Secularizing Society: The Europeans’ Religion at the End of the 20th Century, pp.22-47 . Edited by Loek Halman and Ole Riis. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
Hampden-Turner, Charles. Building Cross-Cultural Competence : How to Create Wealth from Conflicting Values. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2000.
Harrison, Lawrence E., and Huntington, Samuel P., eds. Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress. New York: Basic Books, 2000.
Hatch, Elvin. Culture and Morality: The Relativity of Values in Anthropology. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983.
Hechter, Michael; Michod, Richard E.; and Nadel, Lynn. The Origin of Values. Hawthorne, New York: A. de Gruyter, 1993.
Hegasy, Sonja, and Elke Kaschl, eds. Changing Values among Youth: Examples from the Arab World and Germany-bilingual edition English-Arabic. Berlin: Schiler, 2007.
Hiebert, Paul G. Anthropological Insights for Missionaries. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker, 1985.
Hiebert, Paul G. Anthropological Reflections on Missiological Issues. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker, 1994.
Hiebert, Paul G. Cultural Anthropology. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker, 1976.
Hiebert, Paul G., and Hiebert, Frances F. Case Studies in Missions. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker, 1987.
Hofstede, Geert. “Images of Europe: Past Present and Future.” In Managing across Cultures: Issues and Perspectives, pp. 89-102. Edited by Pat Joynt and Malcolm Warner. London: International Thomson Business Press, 1996.
Hofstede, Geert. Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations across Nations.2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage, 2001.
Hofstede, Geert. Culture’s Consequences: International Difference in Work-Related Values. Cross Cultural Research and Methodology Series, no. 5. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1980.
Hofstede, Geert. Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. New York: McGraw Hill, 1991.
Inglehart, Ronald. “Culture and Democracy.” In Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress, pp. 80-97. Edited by Lawrence E. Harrison and Samuel P. Huntington. New York: Basic Books, 2000.
Inglehart, Ronald; Basanez, Miguel; Diez-Medrano, Jaime; Halman, Loek; and Luijkx, Ruud. Human Values and Beliefs: A Cross-Cultural Sourcebook Based on the 1999-2002 Values Surveys. Mexico City: Siglo XXI, 2004.
Inglehart, Ronald; Basanez, Miguel; Menendez; and Moreno, Alejandro. Human Values and Beliefs: A Cross-cultural Sourcebook: Political, Religious, Sexual, and Economic Norms in 43 Societies; Findings from the 1990-1993 World Values Survey. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 1998.
Jagodzinski, Wolfgang. “Methodological Problems of Value Research.” In Comparing Cultures: Dimensions of Culture in a Comparative Perspective, pp. 43-73. Edited by Henk Vinken, Joseph Soeters, and Peter Ester. Leiden: Brill. 2004.
Joynt, Pat, and Warner, Malcolm, eds. Managing across Cultures: Issues and Perspectives. New York: International Thomson Business Press, 1996.
Kane, Robert. Through the Moral Maze: Searching for Absolute Values in a Pluralistic World. New York: Paragon House, 1994.
Käser, Lothar. Animismus. Einführung in seine begrifflichen Grundlagen. Bad Liebenzell/Erlangen: VLM/Verlag der ev.-luth. Mission, 2004.
Käser, Lothar. Fremde Kulturen. Eine Einführung in die Ethnologie für Entwicklungshelfer und kirchliche Mitarbeiter in Übersee. Bad Liebenzell/Erlangen: VLM/Verlag der ev.-luth. Mission, 1998.
Kim, Uichol; Triandis, Harry. C.; Kagitcibasi, Cigdem; Choi, Sang-Chin; and Yoon, Gene, eds. Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage, 1994.
Kluckhohn, Clyde K. Culture and Behavior. New York: Free Press, 1962.
Kluckhohn, Clyde. Mirror for Man. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1949.
Kluckhohn, Clyde. Variations in Value Orientations. New York: Row & Peterson, 1961.
Kluckhohn, Florence R., and Strodtbeck, F.L. Variations in Value Orientations. Evanston, Illinois: Row, Peterson, 1961.
Lingenfelter, Sherwood G., and Mayers, Marvin Keene. Ministering Cross-Culturally:
An Incarnational Model for Personal Relationships
.
Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker, 1986.
Lingenfelter, Sherwood. “Reading and Research Assignments and Worksheets for Economy, Society and Values.” Class notes, Biola University School of Intercultural Studies, La Mirada, California, 1999.
Lingenfelter, Sherwood. Agents of Transformation: A Guide for Effective Cross-Cultural Ministry. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker, 1996.
Lingenfelter, Sherwood. Transforming Culture: A Challenge for Christian Mission. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker, 1998.
Loewen, Jacob, and Smalley, William A. Culture and Human Values: Christian Intervention in Anthropological Perspective. South Pasadena, California: William Carey, 1975.
Luzbetak, Louis J. The Church and Cultures: An Applied Anthropology for the Religious Worker. Pasadena, California: William Carey Library, 1970.
Nida, Eugene A. Customs and Cultures: Anthropology for Christian Missions. New York: Harper & Row, 1954.
Rokeach, Milton. The Nature of Human Values. New York: Free Press, or London: Collier-Macmillan, 1973.
Rokeach, Milton. Understanding Human Values: Individual and Societal. New York: Free Press, 1979.
Russo, Kurt W., ed. Finding the Middle Ground: Insights and Applications of the Value Orientations Method. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press, 2000.
Sanneh, Lamin. Religion and the Variety of Culture: A Study in Origin and Practice. Valley Forge , Pennsylvania: Trinity Press International, 1996.
Schwartz, Shalom H. “Beyond Individualism/Collectivism: New Cultural Dimensions of Values.” In Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Methods, and Applications, pp. 85-122. Edited by U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kacitcibasi, S. C. Choi and G. Yoon. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage, 1994.
Schwartz, Shalom H. “Mapping and Interpreting Cultural Differences Around the World.” In Comparing Cultures: Dimensions of Culture in a Comparative Perspective, pp. 43-73. Edited by Henk Vinken, Joseph Soeters, and Peter Ester. Leiden: Brill, 2004.
Schwartz, Shalom H. “Value Priorities and Behavior: Applying a Theory of integrated Value Systems.” In The Ontario Symposium: The Psychology of Values, Vol. 8, pp. 1-24. Edited by C. Seligman, J. M. Olson, and M. P. Zanna. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996.
Seligman, Clive; Olson, James M.; and Zanna, Mark P., eds. The Psychology of Values: Ontario Symposium on Personality and Social Psychology. Vol. 8. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996.
Smith, Peter. “National Cultures and the Values of Organizational Employees: Time for Another Look.” In Managing across Cultures: Issues and Perspectives, pp. 92-104. Edited by Pat Joynt and Malcolm Warner. New York: International Thomson Business Press, 1996.
Spector, Paul E.; Cooper, Cary L.; and Sanchez, Juan I., et al. “Do National Levels of Individualism and Internal Locus of Control Relate to Well-Being: An Ecological Level International Study.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 22 (2001): 815-832.
Stringer, Donna M., and Cassiday, Patricia A.. 52 Activities for Exploring Values Differences. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press, 2003.
Sullivan, M. J. Measuring Global Values: The Ranking of 162 Countries. New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.
Tienou, Tite. “Forming Indigenous Theologies.” In Toward the 21st Century in Christian Mission, pp. 245-252. Edited by James M. Phillips and Robert T. Coote. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 1993.
van Hemert, D. A. “Cross-Cultural Meta-analyses.” In Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 2, Chapter 13. Edited by W. J. Lonner, D. L. Dinnel, S. A. Hayes, and D. N. Sattler. Bellingham, Washington: Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington University, 2003.
Voich and Stepina, eds. Cross-Cultural Analysis of Values and Political Economy Issues. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger,1994.
Voich, Dan, Jr. Comparative Empirical Analysis of Cultural Values and Perceptions of Political Economy Issues. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1995.
Williams, Robin M., Jr. “Change and Stability in Values and Value Systems: A Sociological Perspective.” In Understanding Human Values: Individual and Societal. Edited by Milton Rokeach. New York: Free Press, 1979.

Specific Values Researchers
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind Revised and expanded 2nd Edition, 436 pages. New York: McGraw-Hill USA, 2005, ISBN 0-07-143959-5. only. Entirely re-written and updated version of the 1997 book for a general and student readership.
Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations, 2nd Edition 596 pages. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications, 2001, hardcover only. ISBN 0-8039-7323-3.
An entirely re-written version of the 1980 scholarly book in which I first exposed my theories. 60% of the literature reviewed is from after 1980.
Exploring Culture: Exercises, Stories and Synthetic Cultures. 234 pages. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press, 2002, paperback. ISBN 1-877864-90-0. A source book for intercultural trainers and their committed students, based upon my approach to national culture differences.
Masculinity and Femininity: The Taboo Dimension of National Cultures 238 pages. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications, 1998, hardcover ISBN 0-7619-1028-X; paperback ISBN 0-7619-1029-8. Half reader, half monograph. Eight short chapters describing research on the subject by Michael H. Hoppe, Willem A. Arrindell, Marieke de Mooij, Deborah L. Best & John E. Williams, Evert van de Vliert , Jacques H.A. van Rossum, Mieke Vunderink and Johan Verweij. Four longer chapters by me: An introduction and consequences for gender roles, sexual behavior and religion.
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind 279 pages. New York: McGraw-Hill USA, 1997, ISBN 0-07-029307-4 Earlier published by McGraw-Hill UK, London 1991. Various other editions. Now obsolete, replaced by revised edition 2005, see above.
Uncommon Sense about Organizations: Cases, Studies and Field Observations299 pages. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications, 1994, hardcover ISBN 0-8039-5366-6; paperback ISBN 0-8039-5367-4. A collection of 17 different chapters around the topics: I. The impact of jobs on people; II. Power and control in organizations; and III. Studies in training settings. All chapters are based on my own research, and all present counter-intuitive outcomes. Chapters are suitable for classroom use in a course of Organizational Behavior.